What is eczema and what can you do to help with the symptoms?

Understanding and Managing Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): Causes, Triggers & Relief Strategies

Atopic dermatitis—commonly known as eczema—is a chronic skin condition that affects nearly 32% of people in the United States. It’s marked by inflamed, red, dry, itchy, and scaly patches of skin that can crack or become rough. While eczema often appears in infancy, it can persist through adolescence and into adulthood if left unaddressed.

Though eczema isn’t contagious, it can seriously impact quality of life by affecting sleep, confidence, and comfort. Understanding the causes and triggers of eczema can help you better manage symptoms and reduce flare-ups.

What Causes Eczema?

There is no single cause of eczema. The condition usually results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

If one or both parents have had eczema, asthma, or hay fever, there’s a much greater chance their child may also develop eczema. This is known as atopic tendency—a hereditary predisposition to allergic conditions.

On top of genetics, certain external factors can trigger or worsen eczema. These include:

Common Eczema Triggers:

• Irritants: Soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, and fragrances can break down the skin’s natural barrier.

• Allergens: Dust mites, pollen, mold, pet dander, and dandruff often trigger eczema flare-ups.

• Microbes: Bacteria (such as Staphylococcus aureus), viruses, and fungi can worsen eczema or lead to infections.

• Climate Extremes: Both hot and cold weather can irritate sensitive skin and make eczema worse.

• Food Allergens: Dairy, eggs, wheat, soy, and nuts are common food-related triggers, especially in children.

• Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in estrogen levels can worsen eczema, especially during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause.

• Clothing: Rough fabrics like wool or synthetics can irritate skin, as can tight-fitting clothes that prevent air flow.

The Role of Stress in Eczema

One of the most overlooked—but powerful—triggers of eczema is stress. Psychological stress doesn’t just make you feel overwhelmed—it affects your entire immune system.

When you’re stressed, your body releases cortisol, a hormone that increases inflammation throughout the body. For eczema sufferers, this can mean more frequent, longer, or more severe flare-ups.

Managing stress is crucial to managing eczema. Try:

• Meditation or breathwork

• Gentle walks or yoga

• Listening to music

• Warm baths (with no harsh soaps)

• Regular sleep and rest

Reducing stress won’t cure eczema, but it can dramatically improve your ability to control it.

I Have Eczema—What Can I Do?

Dealing with eczema can be frustrating. The symptoms—itching, dryness, and inflammation—can be not only uncomfortable but also emotionally draining, especially when they affect visible areas like the face, neck, or hands.

Here are some effective, natural strategies to help manage eczema and prevent future flare-ups:

1. Identify and Avoid Your Triggers

Track your symptoms and note what may have caused them. Eliminating or reducing exposure to known triggers is the first step to long-term relief.

2. Moisturize Frequently

Dry skin worsens eczema. Use a fragrance-free, hypoallergenic, natural moisturizer at least twice a day—especially after bathing. Look for ingredients like shea butter, ceramides, or colloidal oatmeal.

3. Use Anti-Itch Creams

Over-the-counter creams like 1% hydrocortisone can reduce itching and inflammation. Apply it after moisturizing, not before. For severe flare-ups, speak with your doctor about prescription options.

4. Don’t Scratch!

Yes, it’s hard—but scratching only damages the skin more and increases the risk of infection. Instead, gently press the itchy area or use cold compresses.

5. Wear Soft, Breathable Clothing

Loose-fitting clothes made from cotton or bamboo allow your skin to breathe. Avoid wool or synthetic fabrics that may cause irritation.

6. Take Lukewarm Baths

Hot water strips natural oils from your skin. Bathe in lukewarm water for 10–15 minutes, then pat (don’t rub!) your skin dry and apply moisturizer immediately.

7. Try Skin-Supporting Products

Some natural skincare solutions can help restore moisture and reduce irritation. The Beauty of Action’s skin solutions are designed to help rebalance moisture and support skin healing during and after flare-ups.

When to See a Doctor

If your eczema becomes painful, weepy, or infected—or if over-the-counter treatments don’t help—consult a dermatologist. They may recommend:

• Prescription corticosteroids

• Antihistamines for severe itching

• Immunosuppressive therapies

• Light (phototherapy) treatment

• Biologics for severe, treatment-resistant cases

Final Thoughts: Take Control of Your Skin Health

Eczema may be persistent, but it’s manageable. By understanding your triggers, building a consistent skincare routine, and managing your stress levels, you can reduce flare-ups and feel more confident in your skin.

You don’t have to suffer silently. Relief is possible—with the right knowledge, tools, and support.